Instead, researchers have discovered that the Neanderthals who made the German birch tar used the most efficient method with a stepwise oxygen-restricted distillation process of underground heating to ...

In today's competitive market, manufacturing industries are under pressure to produce products at the lowest possible cost. The oil, gas, and petrochemical industries are particularly sensitive to ...

Natural water contains minute concentrations of ‘heavy’ oxygen and hydrogen. Water enriched in these heavy isotopes is critical for a range of specific applications in medicine and nuclear science, ...

Following installation of a new air-cooled condenser as part of its crude distillation unit's preflash tower overhead, a US Midwestern refinery began producing off-spec light naphtha that led to ...

Distillation columns are extensively deployed in the chemical process industries when there is a need for separation of components that have different boiling points. Typically, a mixture of ...

Oxygen used in the medical setting is separated using several different methods including chemical reaction and fractional distillation. This oxygen is then either used immediately or stored for ...