Earth’s crust looks solid from the surface, but it is broken into a shifting mosaic of slabs that slowly rearrange oceans and continents. Understanding how those tectonic plates first formed is one of ...

The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) oceanic plateau exhibits distinctly broad morphology compared to the linear, age-progressive Walvis Ridge (WR), despite both originating from the Tristan-Gough (T-G) plume.

Magmatically-accreted upper crust along mid-ocean ridges is traditionally considered to consist of lava flows overlying a sheeted-dyke complex. However, how the upper crust is formed at ...