To address the measurement accuracy challenges posed by the internal flow complexity in atypical circular bend pipes with short turning sections and without extended straight pipe segments, this study ...

In this work, optical fiber Bragg grating sensors were used to measure water velocity and examine how it was distributed in open channels. Several types of coatings were incorporated into the design ...

The field of polymer science is characterized by a wide range of quantitative and qualitative approaches to materials analysis, along with a diverse array of intricate terminology, rendering it a ...

Hydrogen has long played a key role as an industrial feedstock in petroleum refining, fertilizer production, and chemical manufacturing. However, conventional methods of producing hydrogen generate ...