At the outbreak of the Great War, the Ottoman Empire entered the conflict exhausted, indebted, and politically isolated, with ...

Introduction: the white castle -- The beginning: Gazi Osman and Orhan -- The sultan and his converted slaves: Murad I -- Resurrecting the dynasty: Bayezid I, Mehmed I, and Murad II -- Conquering the ...

Introduction -- 1. The establishment and survival of Ottoman rule in the Arab lands, 1516-1798 -- 2. Institutions of Ottoman rule -- 3. Economy and society in the early modern era -- 4. A world of ...